While we can’t confirm whether it was possible before or not, on Windows 10 Mobile Build 14376 the photos app has enhanced “file information” for individual images.
As you can see in the image above, not only you now get the information about the source / sources of the images you are viewing, you can also use a drop-down menu to choose image source to see it. There is also an option to unlink the duplicates but once you do it you won’t be able to link them again. For doing all this you need to go to the file information of a particular image from the bottom menu.
Thanks Suresh for the tip. Cheers!!